Epub 2020 Apr 28.Cronin EM, Bogun FM, Maury P, Peichl P, Chen M, Namboodiri N, Aguinaga L, Leite LR, Al-Khatib SM, Anter E, Berruezo A, Callans DJ, Chung MK, Cuculich P, d'Avila A, Deal BJ, Bella PD, Deneke T, Dickfeld TM, Hadid C, Haqqani HM, Kay GN, Latchamsetty R, Marchlinski F, Miller JM, Nogami A, Patel AR, Pathak RK, Saenz Morales LC, Santangeli P, Sapp JL Jr, Sarkozy A, Soejima K, Stevenson WG, Tedrow UB, Tzou WS, Varma N, Zeppenfeld K.J Interv Card Electrophysiol.



Eighty-eight percent of the patients in this study were white; only three patients were black (all three cases were from U.S. medical centers).

Despite the possibility of fatal disease recurrence, transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients. In a large multicenter registry of GCM cases (n = 63), patients ranged in age from 16 to 69 years at the time of symptom onset, with an average patient age of 42.6 years.Most patients (≥75%) present with rapid-onset congestive heart failure.While the etiology of GCM remains to be fully elucidated, evidence suggests that it arises owing to immune dysregulation mediated by T lymphocytes.
2020 Jan 27:1-154. doi: 10.1007/s10840-019-00663-3.

Giant-cell myocarditis (GCM) is known as a rare, rapidly progressive, and frequently fatal myocardial disease in young and middle-aged adults. In each case, survival was significantly longer among patients with lymphocytic myocarditis (P<0.001 by the log-rank test for each comparison).Because there was no perfect way to analyze our survival data, we have presented the survival of the patients with giant-cell myocarditis in several ways (Because left ventricular ejection fractions were measured variously by echocardiography, radionuclide studies, or ventriculography, data on the ejection fraction were not considered suitable for analysis.Because of concern about referral bias, we requested that all institutions check their pathology records to ensure that all cases of giant-cell myocarditis were included in this study. Search for other works by this author on:

We retrospectively compared the immunohistochemical and light microscopic findings at autopsy in eight hearts with GCM and seven hearts with CS. Three patients (5 percent) presented with complete heart block.The rate of death or cardiac transplantation was 89 percent, with a median survival of 5.5 months from the onset of symptoms to the time of death or transplantation.

Exposure to certain chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, and radiation can sometimes cause myocarditis.

Patients in whom left ventricular dysfunction is accompanied by giant-cell myocarditis may die despite aggressive immunosuppression.Our findings suggest that giant-cell myocarditis in the native heart is distinct from lymphocytic myocarditis, in that giant-cell myocarditis has a more fulminant clinical course and may respond to treatment with a combination of immunosuppressive drugs. The natures of the inflammatory infiltrates of GCM and CS have not been systematically compared.



Three of the nine in whom giant-cell infiltrate occurred had symptoms and signs of left ventricular failure.

Search for other works by this author on: doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.078. In general, giant cell myocarditis is a rapidly fatal disorder that may respond to certain immunosuppressive drugs or heart transplantation.



The youngest reported patient was six weeks oldThe occurrence of giant-cell myocarditis in minority populations has not been previously described and cannot be determined from a review of the English-language literature, because information on race or ethnic origin is not included in most published reports. Other diseases. Macrophagic GCs were present preferentially in areas of myocytic damage and were never present in epicardial fat.

Aug 26, 2020



Before the 1980s, GCM was mainly a diagnosis made at autopsy.


Immunosuppressive therapy with a combination of cyclosporine, azathioprine, and corticosteroids may be considered, although the applicability of our data on the effect of these drugs is limited by the observational design of our study. The majority of lymphocytes were T cells, with a predominance of CD8 cells.




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