In the late 18th century, there were more than 250 distinct Aboriginal social groupings and a similar number of languages or varieties. McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Ian Lilley, “Review of Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective’ (Australian Archaeological Association, 2010).McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.Bowern, “Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Bowern, “Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Green, “Proto Maningrida within Proto Arnhem: evidence from verbal inflectional suffixes. Der Name der Stadt Wagga Wagga kommt von Wiradjuri-Wort Wagga und bedeutet Krähe; um von der Mehrzahl von Krähen zu sprechen, wiederholen sie das Wort und Wagga Wagga bedeutet "Platz von vielen Krähen". From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. McConvell, Patrick and Nicholas Evans. "the Coherence and Distinctiveness of the Pama–Nyungan Language Family within the Australian Linguistic Phylum" Geoff O'Grady and Ken Hale, p 69, Bowern, Claire.

2004.

Origine. Pama-Nyungan: Phonological Reconstruction and Status as a Phylo-Genetic Group. 385–417, (Melbourne; New York: Oxford University Press Australia, 1996).Evans and McConvell, “Archaeology and linguistics”.Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, my spectroom, accessed 22 April 2020, https://www.spectroom.com/1021934755-macro-gunwinyguan-languages.William Frawley, “International encyclopedia of linguistics” (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003).Claire Bowern, "Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications", Bowern, "Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Evans and McConvell, “Archaeology and linguistics”, pp.
Another Look at Australia as a Linguistic Area. Pama-Nyungan: Phonological Reconstruction and Status as a Phylo-Genetic Group. The term ‘Macro-Pama-Nyungan’, or otherwise interchangeably referred to as ‘Gunwinyguan-Tangkic-Karrwan (Garrwan)-Pama-Nyungan’,With limited reconstruction work having been done on There is considerable debate over which of the linguistic elements found across language groups are attributed to a shared inheritance from a common ancestor, and which elements are attributed to more recent contact between linguistic groups.The first theory suggests that the size and spread of the The second theory suggests that social and technological advantages and the intensification and spread of Pama–Nyungan (yellow), Garawa and Tangkic (green), and Macro-Gunwinyguan (orange)Nicholas Evans and Patrick McConvell, “Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective,” pp. McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Bouckaert, Bowern and Atkinson, “The origin and expansion of Pama–Nyungan languages across Australia”.Ian Lilley, “Review of Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective’ (Australian Archaeological Association, 2010).McConvell and Bowern, “The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages”.Bowern, “Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Bowern, “Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Green, “Proto Maningrida within Proto Arnhem: evidence from verbal inflectional suffixes. ), Nicholas Evans, “The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia”.Nicholas Evans, “The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia”.O’Grady, “Preliminaries to a Proto Nuclear Pama-Nyungan stem list”.Nicholas Evans, “The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia”.Loss of Aboriginal Languages, Creative Spirits, accessed 22 April 2020, https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/language/loss-of-aboriginal-languagesBowern, "Historical linguistics in Australia: trees, networks and their implications”.Patrick McConvell and Claire Bowern, "The Prehistory of Internal Relationships of Australian Languages", Evans, Nicholas.


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