Damascus Steel. Toledo steel is basically two different types of steel (one high and one low in carbon content) that are forged together. The process had to be followed very strictly, regarding time, temperatures, etc, or otherwise the product would not be of the highest quality. Most, if not all, Damascus steel was derived from blocks of ''wootz,'' a form of steel produced in India. On the other hand, you can argue that Damascus steel blades have not done enough to be taken seriously and are more popular for their cosmetic value. Today, people buy Damascus steel knives for their history and the intrigue that other knives don’t quite offer. History Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled Damascus kniveshave flowing patterns on the surface, created by the proc… I am afraid that now I would need to find these sources the same way as you. The exact ancient technique of making Damascus steel is, sadly, lost to history, but modern Damascus is pretty close. Hydraulic systems were introduced at the end of the 19th century to greatly increase the production of Toledo steel products, and production went up by 200% towards the end of the 19th century. (I believe swedish powdered steel has tungsten and vanadium added in their forging process. A mystery, to those seeking to recapture the technique, was the property of … Traditionally Damascene designs focus on two distinct types of patterns. Historical Damascus steel was produced in classical times. I have no doubt the same sword could cut a Toledo steel sword but I doubt a Toledo steel sword could cut a katana. The laminated design of the katana made it resistant to breakage and very sharp. This is thanks to the softer metal normally on the core and back of the blade.Meanwhile, when the katana was put under the continuous stress of a stream of .50BMG machinegun bullets, where the hard metals supported by the more ductile soft metals couldn't absorb/vibrate enough to cope under impact (you can see on the slow-motion review how the blade remained still and instead chipped/broke), that there is a limit to the kawa-gane's hardness despite its extreme sharpness and high quality toughness. It might be that you best bet would be to go to Toledo and begin asking around there. @Greg I collected this info while buying some work knives the last year. Further, high carbon steel due to its hardness is more liable to crack than bend when placed under high tensile stress. To make one sword, about 12 - 15 kg of charcoal is consumed. Vanadium tends to bind to any free nitrogen or oxygen present and scour it. But I have seen a nice article on the subject in English a week ago - There are separate opinions on Damascus steel. The actual process of making the Toledo steel was very difficult and long. What actually makes a katana made from tamahagane endure breakage as a cutting weapon is not merely the cutting edge's hardness, but the ability of the hard and soft metal parts to absorb/abate/adapt to impact and "vibration" when cutting stuff.You can see in this video how cutting through meat and bone with a katana is smooth because the metals in the blade don't really have to absorb much impact/vibration: time warp katana: www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH_oLEllyvgHere on these two videos, a single (the same iirc) katana made by the same traditional swordswith (the white-haired old Japanese guy on the video) demonstrates the quality of the steels I'm talking about. Now the best European steel for blades is not Spanish, but Swedish V10.With Damascus there is a wide-spread fallacy. /wiki/Laminated_steel_blade Damascus steel was made by forging wootz into swords and other objects. It looks far more attractive than carbon steel. There was a passing shot of a shop window full of swords and knives. The superior engineering of the sword structure was the Katana's great strength.And I do not know about Toledo steel, so I'll have to do some researchI don't know if it will help clarify, but using some of my own-read knowledge, it would be the safest to say that the Japanese sword (to be exact, during the mainstream Sengoku period) were made with processes that This, however, is dependent on each specific sword (saying all swords made and used by soldiers within the time period of one year were all made with one specific process would be extreme). The worst that would happen in blocking to a well made katana is a chipped edge.You can find lots of tests and justify which one is better, But for what? Toledo swords where battle swords. I am not sure when differentiating the grain is added to the process, or how many and which smiths actually did it.After that folding and sandwiching process, the folding then is not the same as done today, there were layers of other products added between folds with indigenous ingredians, this "recipe" is probably lost, though some smiths in japan claim to still have it carried down.The edge was case hardened further in a process known as "clay tempering", different types of clay insulating the blade to different degrees to produce different levels of hardness in the final forging process.The edge of the blade had to be hard to maintain that sharpness, combining the different types of metal in the body and edge is now called "lamination", there were different methods for combining and welding the three types of metal, I some far more elaborate then others, an authentic katana is NOT simply folded steel, it's folded AND laminated, AND clay tempered.That painstaking procedure was specifically designed so the entire sword would not be brittle as claimed in above answers, the lore reports, in the first battle using this "new method" of lamination, not one sword returned broken, it was not only the folded steel that produced the superior toughness, the "recipe, the nano tubes, the lamination. It's sometimes referred to as Wootz steel. Damascus steel gains its strength from microscopic nanotubes of carbon in the steel. Similarly, it can't really be said which method of producing steel is better without defining the criteria. Research and compare the historic material on the steel blades produced in Toledo, Spain, and those hammered in Damascus, Syria. It had a characteristically low carbon content, and the only way they had to increase the carbon content was to fold it into the steel during forging with a process called pattern welding.


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