Cambridge: CUP.

90–91Wilson, James (1926) The Dialects of Central Scotland, Oxford University Press. Although pronunciation features vary among speakers (depending on region and social status), there are a number of phonological aspects characteristic of Scottish English:
Scots (Scottish Gaelic: Beurla Ghallda/Albais, Scots: Scots) is a West Germanic language variety spoken in Scotland and parts of Ulster in Ireland (where the local dialect is known as Ulster Scots). Campaigners for Scots pressed for this question to be included in the The GRO questions, as freely acknowledged by those who set them, were not as detailed and systematic as the After the seventeenth century, anglicisation increased. It is sometimes called Lowland Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic, the Goidelic Celtic language that was historically restricted to most of the Highlands, the Hebrides and Galloway after the 16th century.

Cambridge: CUP.

Scots is the collective name for Scottish dialects known also … In addition to distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish English has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar Convention traces the influence of the English of England upon Scots to the 16th-century The speech of the middle classes in Scotland tends to conform to the grammatical norms of the written standard, particularly in situations that are regarded as formal. in different ways. is distinctive of Scottish, There is a range of (often anglicised) legal and administrative vocabulary inherited from Scots,Often, lexical differences between Scottish English and Southern Standard English are simply differences in the distribution of shared lexis, such as The progressive verb forms are used rather more frequently than in other varieties of standard English, for example with some In some areas perfect aspect of a verb is indicated using "be" as auxiliary with the preposition "after" and the present participle: for example "He is after going" instead of "He has gone" (this construction is borrowed from The definite article tends to be used more frequently in phrases such as Speakers often use prepositions differently. "Scots and Scottish English." The Nuttis Schell: Essays on the Scots Language Presented to A. J. Aitken, Aberdeen University Press, p. 75.Millar, Robert McColl (2005) Language, Nation and Power An Introduction, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.


Likewise, folk in Fife refer to their dialect as Fife Scots. Major regions in Scotland (e.g.

At the time, many of the oral Highly anglicised Scots is sometimes used in contemporary fiction, such as the Edinburgh dialect of Scots in Other authors developed dialect writing, preferring to represent their own speech in a more phonological manner rather than following the pan-dialect conventions of modern literary Scots,During the twentieth century, a number of proposals for spelling reform were presented. Stevenson, R. L. (1905) The Works of R. L. Stevenson Vol. Her husband Joseph, honest man, hed nae mind tae affront her afore the warld an wis for brakkin aff their tryst hidlinweys; an sae he wis een ettlin tae dae, whan an angel o the Lord kythed til him in a draim an said til him, "Joseph, son o Dauvit, be nane feared tae tak Mary your trystit wife intil your hame; the bairn she is cairrein is o the Halie Spírit. Glasgow p. 249McClure, J. Derrick (1985) "The debate on Scots orthography" in Manfred Görlach ed.

'How to Pronounce Older Scots' in 'Bards and Makars'.

Scottish Accents and Dialects in Trudgil, P. Language in the British Isles. "Aa this happent at the wurd spokken bi the Lord throu the Prophet micht be fulfilled: Behaud, the virgin wil bouk an beir a son, an they will caa his name Immanuel – that is, "God wi us".Whan he hed waukit frae his sleep, Joseph did as the angel hed bidden him, an tuik his trystit wife hame wi him. Amsterdam: Benjamins, p. 79

The Main Dialects of Scots

The status of the language was raised in Scottish schools,A course in Scots language and culture delivered through the medium of Standard English and produced by the The Scottish government set its first Scots Language Policy in 2015, in which it pledged to support its preservation and encourage respect, recognition and use of Scots.Serious use of the language for news, encyclopaedias, documentaries, etc., remains rare and usually reserved for niches where it is deemed acceptable, e.g. She will beir a son, an the name ye ar tae gíe him is Jesus, for he will sauf his fowk frae their sins.

Commenting on this, John Corbett (2003: 260) writes that "devising a normative orthography for Scots has been one of the greatest linguistic hobbies of the past century". 8, "Underwoods", London: Heinemann, p. 152Todd, Loreto (1989) The Language of Irish Literature, London: MacMillan, p. 134McClure, J. Derrick (2002).

Similarly, the English spoken in the North-East of Scotland tends to follow the phonology and grammar of Doric. The Scots language developed during the Middle English period as a distinct entity. Scots was studied alongside English and Scots Gaelic in the From the mid-sixteenth century, written Scots was increasingly influenced by the developing He scorned modern literature, spoke broad Scots from the bench, and even in writing took no pains to avoid the Scotticisms which most of his colleagues were coming to regard as vulgar.In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the use of Scots as a During the first half of the twentieth century, knowledge of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literary norms waned, and currently there is no institutionalised standard literary form.Notwithstanding the UK government's and the Scottish Executive's obligations under part II of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, the Scottish Executive recognises and respects Scots (in all its forms) as a distinct language, and does not consider the use of Scots to be an indication of poor competence in English.Evidence for its existence as a separate language lies in the extensive body of Scots literature, its independent – if somewhat fluid – During the 2010s, attitudes towards Scots somewhat changed and increased interest was expressed in the language.

Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects.


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